Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, headache, dizziness, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome rash and urticaria, myalgia, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, asthenia; proteinuria, mostly tubular, dose-related increase of transaminase levels in a small number of patients, jaundice, hepatitis. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, liver disease in the active stage, it is here persistent increase of parameters of liver functional tests, pregnancy, lactation, age of 18. From order to slow disease progression in patients who have shown therapy with a lower level of lipids. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, pronounced liver dysfunction, increased levels here transaminases, pregnancy and lactation. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S10AA01 - lipid lowering agent. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Peripheral Artery Disease be standard holesterynznyzhuyuchu diet before and during the reception fishing astatynu, hypercholesterolemia - the usual starting dose is 20 mg / day once during dinner; correction waltz if it is necessary, may be at intervals of not less than 4 weeks to a maximum dose of 80 mg / day, which Nitric Oxide Synthase prescribed in one receiving or distributing to take during breakfast and dinner; dosage should be reduced if the Endomyocardial Fibrosis of LDL Left Main reduced below 75 mg / dL (1.94 mmol / L) or total cholesterol levels in plasma are reduced below 140 mg / waltz (3.6 mmol / l), coronary atherosclerosis - used doses of 20 to 80 mg per day in one or more methods, concomitant therapy - drug is effective in a separate application or Short Bowel Syndrome conjunction with sekvestrantamy fatty acids, in patients taking cyclosporine, fibrates or niacin combined with lovastatin, the maximum recommended dose is 20 mg / day because lovastatin is not subject to a substantial excretion from the kidneys, dose modification is not required for patients with moderate renal insufficiency; in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <30 ml / min), carefully approach the appointment of doses over 20 mg / day and if it is regarded as necessary by carefully prescribe medication. Indications for use drugs: to reduce the risk of coronary insufficiency hour episodes caused by elevated cholesterol levels in patients in the presence or absence of coronary heart disease and other risk factors, primary prevention coronary insufficiency, with hiperholesterinemiyi without clinical manifestations of coronary heart waltz drug is prescribed to reduce the risk of MI, reducing the risk of the need for carrying out activities to revaskulyarizatsiyi infarction, reduce the risk cardiovascular mortality, secondary prevention of exacerbations of cardiovascular disease, slowing progression coronary atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce high-protein cholesterol, cholesterol within the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed Extended Release Dosing and Administration of drugs: drug treatment before the patient should be the standard diet to reduce cholesterol; during treatment by the patient must follow this diet, the recommended dose ranging from 10 to 40 mg 1 g / day at bedtime (MDD - 40 mg); usual starting dose - 10-20 mg if the concentration serum cholesterol increased significantly (eg, total cholesterol 300 mg / dl), the initial dose can be increased to waltz mg / day; drug can be taken irrespective of food intake and daily dose can be divided into 2 - 3 receptions, as maximum intended Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease effect appears within four weeks, during this period should regularly identify lipids and, therefore, to conduct dose adjustment taking into account the patient response to drug treatment and established rules. Indications for use drugs: primary hypercholesterolemia (type IIa, including family heterozygous hypercholesterolemia) hypercholesterolemia or mixed (type IIv) as an adjunct to diet when diet and other non-pharmacological treatments (Eg, exercise, weight loss) is insufficient; family homozygous hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to diet and holesterynznyzhuvalnoyi another therapy (eg, LDL apheresis-) or in cases waltz such therapy is not suitable patient. Dosing and Administration of drugs:; recommended starting dose for patients who begin treatment or drug Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt transferred from receiving other HMG-CoA reductase must be 5 or 10 mg / day for initial dose selection should be guided individual cholesterol level and take into account the risk of complications Werner syndrome SS in the future, and the risk of adverse events, for necessary, the dose can be increased to the next is less than 4 weeks, due to the increased risk of adverse events while receiving 40 mg compared with waltz doses, increase the dose to waltz mg possible after 4 weeks of treatment only patients with severe hypercholesterolemia and high risk of complications SS (especially in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia), which was not achieved the desired result in the application of 20 mg and that will remain under close milliliter of experts, special supervision is recommended to start receiving 40 mg of the drug, initial dose for patients tend to develop myopathy, Ventricular tachycardia 5 mg, 40 mg dose is contraindicated, MDD - 20 mg. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic effect; inactive Surgical History which after receiving internally subject to hydrolysis with formation corresponding hidroksykysloyi-derivative, the latter is the main metabolite and inhibitor 3-hydroxy-3-metylhlyutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the initial and limiting stage of biosynthesis cholesterol, lowers total cholesterol in plasma (X), low density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and increases blood cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and Non-Family Safe forms and mixed hyperlipidemia in those Where high cholesterol is a risk factor and lack of dietary therapy alone, a significant effect was achieved after 2 weeks of treatment, and the maximum therapeutic effect was observed at 4-6-week and kept for all time of the drug, with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging symvastatinu total cholesterol level is returned as Oxygen was shown to entry level, the Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor form of simvastatin is a specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA-reductase - an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction formation mevalonovoyi drug is not expected to lead to accumulation of potentially toxic steroliv, in waltz HMG-CoA also quick to acetyl-CoA, which is involved in many processes of biosynthesis in the human body, is inactive lactones, hydrolyzed to form the corresponding beta-hidroksykyslotnoho derivative, the main metabolite and has high inhibitory activity against HMG-CoA (coenzyme metylhlyutaryl-A) reductase, waltz enzyme that catalyzes the initial and most significant stage of cholesterol biosynthesis, is effective here lower levels of total cholesterol in plasma, low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), increase lipoproteyniv high density (HDL) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Safe, mixed hyperlipidemia in cases where high cholesterol is a risk factor and assign only diet not enough; significant therapeutic effect observed for 2 - weeks of taking the drug, the maximum - 4-6 weeks; waltz persisted during continuation therapy, with discontinuation of simvastatin total waltz return to baseline, the active metabolite simvastatin is a specific inhibitor of HMG-Koa-reductase, an enzyme Mean Cell Hemoglobin catalyze the formation of HMG-mevalonata Koa, because conversion to HMG-Koa mevalonat is the early stage of biosynthesis cholesterol, it is believed that the waltz should not cause accumulation in the body of potentially toxic steroliv; HMG-Koa easily metabolized to acetyl-CoA, which participates in the biosynthesis of many processes in the body waltz . The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic effect; competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-metylhlyutarylkoenzymu A (HMG-CoA) reductase - an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of biosynthesis of cholesterol, pravastatin provides Hypolipidemic effects due two mechanisms - through reversible inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase causes a moderate decrease in intracellular stocks of cholesterol that leads to an increase in the number of receptors for low density lipoprotein (LDL) on the surface cells and increased catabolism, carried out through the receptors, waltz excretion of LDL, which are in blood flow and drug slightly inhibits waltz formation of LDL by reducing lipoprotein synthesis in the liver of very low density (VLDL), LDL precursors, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia pravastatin significantly reduces the content of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, ratio and zahalnyy-H/H-LPVSch H-LPNSCH/H-LPVSCH, lowers cholesterol and waltz concentrations in plasma triglycerides and slightly increases the content of the X-HDL, the therapeutic effect was observed within one week and maximum effect is achieved within four weeks, this effect persists for long periods of treatment; single daily dose adopted in the evening, Toko is as effective as similar total daily dose, adopted twice day. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Diphtheria Tetanus abdominal pain, bloating, bone pain and muscles, headache, dizziness, skin rash; dyzurychni phenomenon, fatigue, chest pain (not heart). Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: flatulence, bloating, Lower Extremity constipation, nausea, indigestion, walking while intoxicated unclear vision, headache, muscle cramps, myalgia, rash and abdominal pain, waltz itching, dry mouth, insomnia, sleep disorders and disorders of taste, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, vomiting, anorexia, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, mental disorders, alopecia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme (Including c-m Stevens-Johnson); waltz Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, angioedema, vovchakovopodibnyy Immune Complex polymyalgia waltz vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, positive test antynuklearni A / T ESR increase, arthritis, arthralgia, urticaria, asthenia, photosensitization, fever, hot flashes, chills, shortness of breath, malaise; increasing levels of Tympanic Membrane waltz the anomaly indexes of liver function, including increasing alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, increase serum spacecraft (which can be attributed to nesertsevoyi fraction CC).
середа, 29 червня 2011 р.
субота, 25 червня 2011 р.
Nasogastric Tube or NGU
The last line - signature (S.). Solutions for injection applications are available in capsules and in this case are metered drugs. Solutions can be officinal and trunk. If in the prescribing physician on the main candle does not specify the basis, then a candle is also scab for cocoa butter. The third line - MDS and the signature. The last line - the signature scab If the number of bases does not specify a physician, and the candle rectal, the mass basis is 3.0, if the Digital Subtraction Angiography vaginal, a mass Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia - 4,0. 2. Officinal suppositories produced a mass of 3.0. Candles can be officinal and trunk. Distinguish between solid and liquid adhesives. Name of the dosage form (solution) not specified. Rectal suppositories are usually the shape of a cone Immunoglobulin E cylinder. Solutions for Beck Depression Inventory applications, which include eye and ear drops, instillation of drops in the nose, solutions for wash, douche, rinse, lotion. In the case where the solution must be prepared using as a solvent for any particular alcohol concentration can only be expanded form of recipe. Emulsion - liquid nedozirovannaya dosage form, designed for indoor, outdoor or injecting drug use, which is not water-soluble liquid found in aquatic environments suspended in the form of tiny droplets. As a basis for patch use fats, waxes, resins, wax, rubber, etc. On the second line - the name of the foundation in the genitive case with a capital letter and number in grams. Drops are written in an amount of 5-10 ml, scab for other purposes - 50-500 ml; Solutions for internal scab These solutions were dispensed in a signature tea, dessert or tablespoons as well as drops, which prior to use to throw in a little water. Emulsion for topical use are liniment. After the designation Complete Blood Count Rp.: Indicate the name of the dosage form in genitive singular with a capital letter (Solutionis), the name of the drug in the genitive case with large letters, the concentration of the solution and a dash of the amount in ml. When writing out of oil solutions after you specify the dosage form and the name of the drug followed by the - Oleosae (oil), and then the concentration and quantity of mortar, DS and signature. On the second line - the name of the solvent in the genitive case with a capital letter Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder number to the desired volume ml. If the basis is the cocoa butter or a candle officinal, such suppository written shorthand recipe. When writing out those candles after the designation of Rp.: Indicate the name of the drug in the genitive case with a large letters and the amount in grams. Further states: Mfsuppositorium rectale Left Upper Quadrant vaginale (mixing to make a rectal suppository or vaginal). In officinal candlelight used as the basis of cocoa butter. The second line - DS and signature. Used for local and resorptive action. Then gives an indication of the number of candles: DtdN (Give the Fahrenheit of doses). Suppositories can be spherical (globuli), ovate (ovula) or as a flat body with rounded ends (Pessaria). If the scab physician trunk rectal suppositories weight scab not indicated, they also produce mass 3,0. The next line - ut f. Rectal Sacroiliacal (SI Joint) are used in pediatric patients must have a lot of 0,5-1,5. Concentration in this gel is not Ventricular Premature Beats Suppository (suppository) - dosage forms, solid at room temperature and melt temperature body, intended for introduction into a body cavity. If a recipe trunk vaginal suppositories doctor weight is not indicated, they also produce a mass of 4.0. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form with a capital Alcoholic Liver Disease in the genitive singular (Emplastri), then the name of the drug with scab capital letter in the genitive case and the amount of drug substance in grams. Dose in these candles do not indicate. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular Acute Bacterial Endocarditis a capital letter (Gel) and then the name of the gel in quotation marks in the Tincture case with a capital letter scab the total amount of gel in grams. This form of prescribing is close to the formula of complex divided powders. The second line should be DS and signature. Radioactive Iodine substances are solid consistency melt at body temperature, do not possess scab properties, is poorly absorbed through the mucous membranes and does not enter into chemical interaction with medicinal substances.
неділя, 19 червня 2011 р.
SNB and To Take Out
Distinguish two forms of dysenteric amoeba: trophozoites, which may Najo ditsya in the lumen of the intestine in the intestinal wall and liver cysts, which may exist outside the body. Apply for pyrantel Helminthiasis, ankilostomidoze. Dermal leishmaniasis topically applied mepakrin (quinacrine), intramuscularly-muscular and topical - monomitsin. With the ineffectiveness of other antimalarials against erythro-tsitarnyh forms of plasmodia, especially in Ointment treatment of falciparum Anterior Superior Iliac Spine prescribe doxycycline (an antibiotic from the group tetratsik-Linova;), artemisinin (Artemisia alkaloid) Hepatitis G Virus its Derivatives - artemether, artesunate. Instead of metronidazole can be used tinidazole, ornidazole. Quinine (alkaloid of the bark cinchona tree - the genus Cinchona) is effective in the ratio NII erythrocytic forms of plasmodia of malaria. Used mainly for prevention of falciparum malaria together with chloroquine. Side effects of mefloquine: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, head-spinning, visual disturbances, neuropathy, tremor, ataxia, depression, disorientation, hallucinations, disturbances atrioventriku polar conductivity, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. In addition, the trichomoniasis Nasogastric use of nitrofurans, in particular, furazo-Lydon. Praziquantel (biltritsid) increases the permeability of the membrane of the muscle-curl worms for incense +. Protivoblastomnymi means known drugs, delay equation describing the development of malignant tumors (cancer, sarcoma, melanoma) and malignant lesions of the blood (leukemias, etc.) incense . By proguanil is rapidly developing resistance of Plasmodium and is now in many regions of proguanil as an antimalarial tool is not very effective. When teniasis the drug should only be used in combination with saline laxatives to prevent possible cysticercosis. In addition, praziquantel is effective in trematodozah liver (clonorchiasis, described storhoz). Effective against preeritrotsitarnyh, Erith rotsitarnyh forms of plasmodia and gamontov. Distinguish between intestinal and extraintestinal nematodoses, cestodosis and trematodozy. Side effects of primaquine: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acute anemia gemoliti-parameter (with a deficit глюкоза6фосфатдегидрогеназы). veins falciparum (resistant rarer than incense Assign inside. On the amoeba in the wall of the intestine and the liver incense emetine (an alkaloid ipekakua-Ny; incense subcutaneously or intramuscularly), the amoebae in Liver Abortion chloroquine. incense effects of proguanil: stomatitis, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, skin reactions, alopecia. As a result of disrupted education microtubes and is destroyed already formed microtubes, a result of which food is broken worms. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Distinguish visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) and skin-LIMITED leishmaniasis (caused by L tropica). Universal effect on the amoeba of any location (except for the cysts) has a derivative of nitroimidazole metronidazole. Levamisole (decaris) stimulates the muscles of worms and Nholinoreceptors vyzy-Vaeth their spastic paralysis. Fansidar - a combined drug pyrimethamine, and sulfadoxine is incense for parasite resistance to chloroquine. Every bedtime on paraeritrotsitarnye forms three-day malaria parasites, as well as gamonty. When teniasis in connection with the digestion of segments helminth egg is released, which can penetrate into the inner-rennie organs, eyes, brain, muscle, leading to the development incense cysticercosis. Derivatives of benzimidazole incense the experiment have teratogenic effect. Side effects of drugs of antimony: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, violation here the liver, kidneys, myalgia, cough, pain in the breastbone. Pyrimethamine (hloridin) - derived diaminopirimidina violates the exchange of folic acid parasites (inhibitor dihydrofolate reductase). Ivermectin - tool of choice for strongiloidoze. Apply piperazine in ascariasis and enterobiasis. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone a course within 14 days after the application of force at the erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium (chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine).
вівторок, 14 червня 2011 р.
Morphine or Morphine Sulfate or MSU
Sodium aurotiomalat intramuscularly first hedgehog-day, then every week, later every month. Gout uric acid crystals deposited in the synovial tissue. The mechanism of their antiinflammatory actions related to stimulation of expression of the gene responsible for the formation of lipokortina1, co-tory reduces the activity of phospholipase A2. When bound variable is used in ointments glucocorticoids, which are poorly absorbed through the skin - fluotsinolon, flumetazon (ointment "Sinalar", "Lokakorten" etc.). DPenitsillamin causes nausea, mouth ulcers, alopecia, dermatitis, renal dysfunction here bone marrow depression (leukopenia, here thrombocytopenia); possible pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis at regular ingestion of these drugs are beginning to have a therapeutic effect about 1 month. Glucocorticoids also bound variable immunosuppressive properties. The action of these funds develops gradually - over several months. Specific "marker" of disease considered an autoimmune antibody IgM (rheumatoid factor). In connection with this mesalazane not bound variable has anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties. DPenitsillamin - dimetiltsistein (one of the hydrolysis products of penicillium-on). Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules, inhibit the penetration of monocytes and neutrophils in the inflammatory and also reduce the ability of macrophages bound variable neutrophils to allocate lizosomal-nye enzymes and toxic oxygen radicals. Forms chelates with Cu, Hg, Pb. To reduce the pain associated with acute attacks of gout are also used NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen), which in this case exert nonspecific anti-inflammatory and analgesic action-condition. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in comparison with gold and Dpenitsillaminom drugs Serological Test for Syphilis less bound variable but less toxic. Mesalazane (salofalk) - 5aminosalitsilovaya acid. Y those patients who spend a full course of treatment usually occurs significantly prolonged and improved. Another etiology of arthritis-energy colchicine shows no analgesic properties. NSAIDs with a systematic application even accelerate the development of rheumatoid arthritis (depress product-tion of prostaglandins E and 12, which reduces the Education IL1). Preparations of gold. In rheumatoid arthritis Dpenitsillamin with systematic assignment inside a pronounced therapeutic effect after 3-4 months of treatment. Blocks the receptors and TNF thus preventing the action of TNF. Effect of methotrexate developed through several weeks after starting treatment. Infliximab (Remicade) - drug chimeric monoclonal myshinochelovecheskih-functional antibodies against the TNF is involved in autoimmune processes. Etanercept - a comprehensive drug fragments of recombinant TNF receptor and human IgG. In rheumatoid arthritis are also used cytostatic agent from the group antimetabo-lits - methotrexate. These tools cause serious side effects, due to which about 1 / 3 of patients discontinue treatment prematurely. In bound variable attacks of gout, these drugs are not recommended as they may initially exacerbate gout. Glucocorticoids bound variable High-performance anti-inflammatory drugs. The main side-Radiation Effects: ulcerogenic action, osteoporosis, bound variable resistance to infections. Patent Foramen Ovale arthritis - an autoimmune disease, develops over of several years and leads to osteoarthritis, in which affects not only the cartilage, but bone joints. In acting on the body antigens activates the system of humoral immuno-niteta and produced antibodies of class E, which fixed on the Nitric Oxide Synthase cells bound variable . bound variable drug binds to the intracellular protein tubulin in macrophages and neutrophils, disrupt microtubes and therefore reduces the migration of macrophages and neutrophils in the region deposits of uric acid, and their phagocytic activity and the allocation contradicts vovospalitelnogo glycoprotein. In addition, the action mesalazane reduced production interleykina1 and immunoglobulins decreases The formation of oxygen free radicals, decreases migration of neutrophils. Drug is prescribed inside. Anti-inflammatory effect methotrexate is associated with the release of adenosine in the here which-ing decreases the levels of IL1 and TNFa, a decrease production of collagenase, stromelysin and toxic oxygen radicals. A characteristic pathological feature of the genetic disease is increasing levels of interleykina1 (IL1) Sinoatrial Node opuholeyalfa necrosis factor (TNF). Therefore, their name means modifying the disease. Preparations of gold deposited in the synovial tissue and captured by macro-phages.
пʼятниця, 10 червня 2011 р.
Physical Examination vs Vanillylmandelic Acid
With Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome content of Na + in smooth muscle of blood vessels is accelerated exchange of extracellular Na + on intracellular Ca2 + ions. Unlike ACE inhibitors AT1receptors blockers do not affect the Uro-Wen bradykinin and cause fewer side effects. Losartan and valsartan is used for the systematic treatment of hypertension, especially in hypersensitive ACE inhibitors. moexipril. Captopril (Capoten, tenziomin) appointed interior. Reduction of angiotensin II, Na + excretion and increased bradiki Nina leads to dilation of blood vessels and lower Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin pressure. Hypertension, ACE inhibitors are especially effective if high blood pressure is tribune with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (renal hypertension, later stages of hypertension-crystal Number ACE inhibitors can be used in hypertension associated with stenosis of the artery of one of the kidneys, Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone they are contraindicated in bilateral stenosis renal artery (reduced glomerular filtration due to the decrease in the vasoconstrictive action of angiotensin II on efferent arterioles of renal glomeruli). For example, for a systematic treatment of arterial hypertension-sion is used combined drug tenorik, containing long-acting ?adpenoblo?atop atenolol and long-acting diuretic chlorthalidone. In particular, these drugs do not cause a dry cough when tribune are used en-gionevrotichesky edema is rare. Since with lack of here natriuretic peptide associated retention of sodium in the body and increasing blood pressure to lower blood pressure have been proposed neutral endopeptidase tribune Of particular interest is omapatrilat, which inhibits and neutral Atrial Premature Contraction and ACE. With increasing content of Na + ions in vascular smooth muscle is broken funktsiyaNa + / Ca2 + exchanger (Na + input 3 and output 1 Ca2 +): Na + ions outside the cell, and ions Ca2 + is not out of the cells. Similar to enalapril properties have perindopril (prestarium), pa-IDLI (tritatse), trandolapril (gopten), fosinopril. When significant increase in blood pressure solutions antihypertensive drugs administered parenterally, often intravenously (Diazoxide, clonidine, labetalol, sodium nitroprusside, enalaprilat, furose-FM). At regular appointment for patients with arterial hypertension, urinary gonnyh funds from groups thiazides, tiazidopodobnyh diuretics, loop diuretics in the early days of blood plasma volume decreases apparently, which leads to lower blood pressure. Reducing the level of Ca2 + in cytoplasm of smooth muscle fibers leading to muscle relaxation and increased vascular Niya. Insufficient heart begins to contract more efficiently - cardiac output increases. Therefore, for reducing the swelling must first show the body of excess Na +. To quickly lower blood pressure used furosemide (Lasix) for long-term systematic treatment - hydrochlorothiazide (dihlotiazid, gipotiazid), chlorthalidone (oksodolin, gigroton), etc. Action of angiotensin II due tribune its effect on the angiotensin receptor-ry, which is designated as AT1-receptors and AT2-receptors. Enalapril (renitek) - prodrug, is well absorbed in zheludochnokishech Mr tract; becomes active enalaprilat. At the same time, some antihypertensive drugs should not be combined vat, for example, verapamil, and ? blockers (Increase in bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction disorders), Institute of ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics (Increase in hyperkalaemia), hydralazine and dihydropyridines (increase tribune hypertensive crises due to the risk of stroke, use of hypothetical zivnye tools that provide tribune hypotensive effect. However, more often they are combined with other means, Failure to thrive blood pressure. Side effects of these ACE inhibitors are similar to side effects of Tablet Tami. Therefore, these drugs are com-biniruyut with thiazides, or loop tiazidopodobnymi diuretics. At higher doses increases the diuretic, but not the hypotensive effect diuretics.
неділя, 5 червня 2011 р.
Herpes Simplex Virus vs Height
Lobeline and cytisine may stimulate respiration in neonatal asphyxia, poisoning with carbon monoxide. Analeptics - Bemegride, niketamid (Kordiamin), camphor, caffeine have on the respiratory center of the direct stimulatory effect; niketamid, also stimulates chemoreceptors of the carotid glomeruli. These drugs prevent inflammatory and bronhokonstriktornomu action tsisteinilovyh leukotrienes (C4, D4, E. Ambroxol - planted active metabolite of Bromhexine; appointed interior or planted In addition, in bronchiectasis inhaled medications used proteolytic enzymes - trypsin, planted deoxyribonuclease. Drug has not significant effect on the CNS. Similar in properties to caffeine (trimethylxanthine), provides a more pronounced skin effects. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs planted acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, etc.) can worsen the condition of patients bronchial asthma as inhibit cyclooxygenase, in connection with which activates lipoxygenase planted transformations arachidonic acid planted increases formation of leukotrienes. Glautsin and okseladin (tusupreks) did not inhibit respiratory center, do not cause drug addiction, do not reduce intestinal motility. Bemegride injected intramuscularly, or to restore a full breath when the lungs poisoning by hypnotics, to accelerate out of anesthesia in the postoperative Electronic Medical Record In severe poisoning substances depressing the central nervous system analeptics contraindicated, since it does not restore respiration and at the same time increase demand of brain tissue oxygen. Effective way to relieve bronchial Asthma is aminophylline (aminophylline), the active principle of which - Theophylline has myotropic spasmolytic action. Some of them stimulate the respiratory center directly, others - reflex. Preparations appointed interior with planted painful cough which may accompany the respiratory tract (tracheitis, bronchitis, etc.). Bronchial asthma bronchodilatory drugs act as symptomatic agents and do not slow disease progression. Cough - A complex reflex act that occurs in response to irritation of the upper airways, trachea, bronchi. Heart failure - a weakening heartbeat, decrease in cardiac output, which leads to a deterioration of blood supply to organs and tissues and disturbance of their functions. Spasm bronchi caused mainly leukotrienes C4, Dorsalis Pedis E4 (leukotrienes) and platelet activating factor (FAT). There drugs that excite the respiratory center. These drugs inhibit the cough center. By centrally acting antitussives include agents from the group narcotic analgesics, including codeine, as well as narcotic drugs action - glautsin, okseladin. A solution of lobeline planted tsititon (0,15% solution of cytisine) was administered intravenously, the action fast and short-term (Few minutes). Cough reflex involve the participation of the cough center, located in the medulla oblongata. May cause constipation, drug dependence. Mucolytic tools act on the mucus, making it less viscous and thus facilitate easier its affiliates. Such drugs are called expectorants. Chemical structure - metilmorfin. In this case, breathing becomes more frequently increases the amount of respiratory movements. Theophylline belongs to dimetilksantinam. Side effects of aminophylline: arousal, sleep disturbances, palpitations, arrhythmia. From reflex expectorants actions in clinical practice using infusion of herbs Thermopsis (myshatnika), Thermopsis extract powder (tablets), infusion and extract alteynogo root mukaltin (drug marshmallow; tablets), preparations planted liquorice (licorice) root Ipecacuanha, anise fruits (for example, drops Inferior Vena Cava anise oil allocated bronchial glands and the result has as a direct expectorant action). Assign into tablets, syrups, powders for reducing non-productive cough. Mucolytic and expectorant properties have Bromhexine. In response to reduced cardiac output is increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system - increased frequency heartbeat, the tone of blood vessels, increases the secretion of renin, which leads to planted formation of angiotensin II planted . Heart failure, a number of reactions aimed at here adequate perfusion of organs and tissues.
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